一颗轴承,不过拳头大小,却是旋转机械的"心脏瓣膜"。从汽车轮毂到精密仪器,从风力发电到深海钻探,滚珠轴承无处不在。然而,面对动辄数百种型号、令人眼花缭乱的数字编码,你是否也曾感到无从下手?
别急。这篇文章将带你穿越轴承型号的数字迷宫,从深沟球到圆锥滚子,从调心滚子到微型轴承,一张张对照表摆在眼前,让你秒懂选型。
在进入具体型号之前,先掌握一把"万能钥匙"——轴承代号的编码规则。
以深沟球轴承 6203 为例:
| 代号位 | 含义 | 示例解读 |
|---|
| 类型代号(首位) | 6 = 深沟球轴承 | 6203 中的"6" |
| 尺寸系列代号(第二位) | 2 = 直径系列 | "2"代表轻型直径系列 |
| 内径代号(末两位) | 03 → 03×5 = 15mm | 内径15mm,但注意!当内径≥20mm时,末两位直接表示内径 |
内径<20mm:代号数字 × 5 = 实际内径(mm)
内径 20~480mm(22/28/32除外):末两位直接表示内径
内径≥500mm 或 22/28/32mm:用"/"隔开,如 62/22(内径22mm)
深沟球轴承分为单列(代号6)和双列(代号4)两大类型,这是选型的第一道分水岭。
深沟球轴承是滚动轴承中最为普通、应用最广的类型,内径范围覆盖10mm~1320mm,外径30mm~1600mm,宽度9mm~300mm。按大小可分为六个等级:
| 类别 | 公称外径范围 |
|---|
| 微型轴承 | 26mm以下 |
| 小型轴承 | 28~55mm |
| 中小型轴承 | 60~115mm |
| 中大型轴承 | 120~190mm |
| 大型轴承 | 200~430mm |
| 特大型轴承 | 440mm以上 |
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) |
|---|
| 6000 | 10mm | 26mm | 8mm |
| 6001 | 12mm | 28mm | 8mm |
| 6002 | 15mm | 32mm | 9mm |
| 6003 | 17mm | 35mm | 10mm |
| 6004 | 20mm | 42mm | 12mm |
| 6005 | 25mm | 47mm | 12mm |
| 6006 | 30mm | 55mm | 13mm |
| 6007 | 35mm | 62mm | 14mm |
| 6008 | 40mm | 68mm | 15mm |
| 6009 | 45mm | 75mm | 16mm |
| 6010 | 50mm | 80mm | 16mm |
| 6011 | 55mm | 90mm | 18mm |
| 6012 | 60mm | 95mm | 18mm |
| 6013 | 65mm | 100mm | 18mm |
| 6014 | 70mm | 110mm | 20mm |
| 6015 | 75mm | 115mm | 20mm |
| 6016 | 80mm | 125mm | 22mm |
| 6017 | 85mm | 130mm | 22mm |
| 6018 | 90mm | 140mm | 24mm |
| 6019 | 95mm | 145mm | 24mm |
| 6020 | 100mm | 150mm | 24mm |
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) |
|---|
| 6200 | 10mm | 30mm | 9mm |
| 6201 | 12mm | 32mm | 10mm |
| 6202 | 15mm | 35mm | 11mm |
| 6203 | 17mm | 40mm | 12mm |
| 6204 | 20mm | 47mm | 14mm |
| 6205 | 25mm | 52mm | 15mm |
| 6206 | 30mm | 62mm | 16mm |
| 6207 | 35mm | 72mm | 17mm |
| 6208 | 40mm | 80mm | 18mm |
| 6209 | 45mm | 85mm | 19mm |
| 6210 | 50mm | 90mm | 20mm |
| 6211 | 55mm | 100mm | 21mm |
| 6212 | 60mm | 110mm | 22mm |
| 6213 | 65mm | 120mm | 23mm |
| 6214 | 70mm | 125mm | 24mm |
| 6215 | 75mm | 130mm | 25mm |
| 6216 | 80mm | 140mm | 26mm |
| 6217 | 85mm | 150mm | 28mm |
| 6218 | 90mm | 160mm | 30mm |
| 6219 | 95mm | 170mm | 32mm |
| 6220 | 100mm | 180mm | 34mm |
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) |
|---|
| 6300 | 10mm | 35mm | 11mm |
| 6301 | 12mm | 37mm | 12mm |
| 6302 | 15mm | 42mm | 13mm |
| 6303 | 17mm | 47mm | 14mm |
| 6304 | 20mm | 52mm | 15mm |
| 6305 | 25mm | 62mm | 17mm |
| 6306 | 30mm | 72mm | 19mm |
| 6307 | 35mm | 80mm | 21mm |
| 6308 | 40mm | 90mm | 23mm |
| 6309 | 45mm | 100mm | 25mm |
| 6310 | 50mm | 110mm | 27mm |
| 6311 | 55mm | 120mm | 29mm |
| 6312 | 60mm | 130mm | 31mm |
| 6313 | 65mm | 140mm | 33mm |
| 6314 | 70mm | 150mm | 35mm |
| 6315 | 75mm | 160mm | 37mm |
| 6316 | 80mm | 170mm | 39mm |
| 6317 | 85mm | 180mm | 41mm |
| 6318 | 90mm | 190mm | 43mm |
| 6319 | 95mm | 200mm | 45mm |
| 6320 | 100mm | 210mm | 47mm |
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) |
|---|
| 6800 | 10mm | 19mm | 5mm |
| 6801 | 12mm | 21mm | 5mm |
| 6802 | 15mm | 24mm | 5mm |
| 6803 | 17mm | 26mm | 5mm |
| 6804 | 20mm | 32mm | 7mm |
| 6805 | 25mm | 37mm | 7mm |
| 6806 | 30mm | 42mm | 7mm |
| 6807 | 35mm | 47mm | 7mm |
| 6808 | 40mm | 52mm | 7mm |
| 6809 | 45mm | 58mm | 7mm |
| 6810 | 50mm | 65mm | 7mm |
| 6811 | 55mm | 72mm | 9mm |
| 6900 | 10mm | 22mm | 6mm |
| 6901 | 12mm | 24mm | 6mm |
| 6902 | 15mm | 28mm | 7mm |
| 6903 | 17mm | 30mm | 7mm |
| 6904 | 20mm | 37mm | 9mm |
| 6905 | 25mm | 42mm | 9mm |
| 6906 | 30mm | 47mm | 9mm |
| 6907 | 35mm | 55mm | 10mm |
| 6908 | 40mm | 62mm | 12mm |
| 6909 | 45mm | 68mm | 12mm |
| 6910 | 50mm | 72mm | 12mm |
| 6911 | 55mm | 80mm | 13mm |
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) | 典型应用 |
|---|
| 608 | 8mm | 22mm | 7mm | 滑板、电机、无人机 |
| 628 | 8mm | 24mm | 8mm | 精密仪器、玩具 |
| 698 | 8mm | 19mm | 6mm | 微型电机、摄像头 |
圆锥滚子轴承为分离型结构——内圈(锥体)与外圈(杯)可分别安装,能同时承受径向载荷与单向轴向载荷。其类型代号为"3",以下为公制主流系列尺寸:
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) |
|---|
| 30204 | 20mm | 47mm | 14mm |
| 30205 | 25mm | 52mm | 16mm |
| 30206 | 30mm | 62mm | 16mm |
| 30207 | 35mm | 72mm | 17mm |
| 30208 | 40mm | 80mm | 18mm |
| 30209 | 45mm | 85mm | 19mm |
| 30210 | 50mm | 90mm | 20mm |
| 30211 | 55mm | 100mm | 21mm |
| 30212 | 60mm | 110mm | 22mm |
| 30213 | 65mm | 120mm | 23mm |
| 30214 | 70mm | 125mm | 24mm |
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) |
|---|
| 32210 | 50mm | 90mm | 23mm |
| 32212 | 60mm | 110mm | 28mm |
| 32214 | 70mm | 125mm | 31mm |
| 32216 | 80mm | 140mm | 33mm |
| 32218 | 90mm | 160mm | 40mm |
| 32904 | 20mm | 37mm | 12mm |
| 329/22 | 22mm | 40mm | 12mm |
| 32905 | 25mm | 42mm | 12mm |
| 32906 | 30mm | 47mm | 13mm |
| 32908 | 40mm | 62mm | 15mm |
| 32910 | 50mm | 72mm | 17mm |
| 32912 | 60mm | 85mm | 19mm |
以 NTN 4T-596/592A 为代表:
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|
| 内径 | 85.725mm(3.375英寸) |
| 外径 | 152.4mm(6英寸) |
| 总宽度(T) | 39.688mm(1.5625英寸) |
| 内圈宽度(B) | 36.32mm |
| 外圈宽度(C) | 30.16mm |
| 重量 | 约2.9kg |
调心滚子轴承能自动调整轴线偏斜,特别适合因安装误差或轴挠曲导致的不对中工况。其核心尺寸示例如下:
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) | 典型品牌 |
|---|
| 22205 | 25mm | 52mm | 18mm | 多品牌通用 |
| 22206 | 30mm | 62mm | 20mm | — |
| 22207 | 35mm | 72mm | 23mm | — |
| 22208 | 40mm | 80mm | 23mm | — |
| 22210 | 50mm | 90mm | 23mm | — |
| 22212 | 60mm | 110mm | 28mm | — |
| 22214 | 70mm | 125mm | 31mm | — |
| 22216 | 80mm | 140mm | 33mm | — |
| 22218 | 90mm | 160mm | 40mm | — |
| 22308 | 40mm | 90mm | 33mm | — |
| 22310 | 50mm | 110mm | 40mm | — |
| 22312 | 60mm | 130mm | 46mm | NTN 22312B |
| 22314 | 70mm | 150mm | 51mm | — |
| 22316 | 80mm | 170mm | 58mm | — |
| 22318 | 90mm | 190mm | 64mm | — |
| 22320 | 100mm | 215mm | 73mm | — |
23000/23100/23200系列(宽系列调心滚子)
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) | 品牌示例 |
|---|
| 23020 | 100mm | 150mm | 37mm | — |
| 23022 | 110mm | 170mm | 45mm | — |
| 23024 | 120mm | 180mm | 46mm | — |
| 23026 | 130mm | 200mm | 52mm | — |
| 23028 | 140mm | 210mm | 53mm | — |
| 23030 | 150mm | 225mm | 56mm | — |
| 23032 | 160mm | 240mm | 60mm | — |
| 23120 | 100mm | 165mm | 52mm | — |
| 23122 | 110mm | 180mm | 60mm | — |
| 23124 | 120mm | 200mm | 64mm | — |
| 23126 | 130mm | 210mm | 64mm | — |
| 23128 | 140mm | 225mm | 64mm | — |
| 23130 | 150mm | 250mm | 80mm | — |
| 23132 | 160mm | 270mm | 86mm | — |
| 23220 | 100mm | 180mm | 60mm | — |
| 23222 | 110mm | 200mm | 69mm | — |
| 23224 | 120mm | 215mm | 76mm | 调心滚子23224 |
| 23226 | 130mm | 230mm | 80mm | — |
| 23228 | 140mm | 250mm | 88mm | — |
| 23230 | 150mm | 270mm | 96mm | — |
以 FAG 231SM160-MA 为例:
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|
| 内径 | 160mm |
| 外径 | 300mm |
| 厚度 | 140mm |
| 保持架 | 黄铜实体保持架 |
| 润滑设计 | 外圈引导 |
| 型号 | 内径(d) | 外径(D) | 宽度(B) |
|---|
| 5305 | 25mm | 62mm | 25mm |
| 5306 | 30mm | 72mm | 28mm |
| 5307 | 35mm | 80mm | 31mm |
| 5308 | 40mm | 90mm | 35mm |
| 5309 | 45mm | 100mm | 40mm |
| 5310 | 50mm | 110mm | 40mm |
| 5311 | 55mm | 120mm | 40mm |
| 5312 | 60mm | 130mm | 44mm |
| 5313 | 65mm | 140mm | 49mm |
| 5314 | 70mm | 150mm | 51mm |
| 5315 | 75mm | 160mm | 55mm |
| 维度 | 关键要点 |
|---|
| 载荷类型 | 纯径向→深沟球;径向+轴向→圆锥滚子;大偏载→调心滚子 |
| 转速要求 | 高速轻载选62/63系列;低速重载选调心滚子或圆锥滚子 |
| 空间限制 | 紧凑空间选68/69超薄系列 |
| 精度等级 | 普通级(/PO)不标注;高精度选P5/P4/P2等级 |
| 密封防护 | Z/2Z防尘盖;RS/2RS接触密封;RZ/2RZ非接触密封 |
轴承虽小,却承载着整个工业世界的旋转与动力。从6000系列的精巧细腻到23230系列的磅礴厚重,每一组数字背后都是精密制造的匠心。掌握这份型号尺寸对照表,下次面对轴承选型时,你便能胸有成竹,一击即中。
温馨提示:以上数据来源于公开行业资料与权威数据库,具体选型还需结合工况条件、安装形式(两端固定/一端固定一端游动)、公差等级、密封方式及润滑条件等综合考量,必要时请查阅对应品牌的官方轴承手册。